Eval Stats Toolkit

Wilson score confidence intervals, difference of proportions, and McNemar’s paired test — the statistics behind reporting LLM evaluation accuracy honestly.

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Wilson 95% confidence intervals

Accuracy from k correct out of n trials is a binomial estimate, not a fact. Wilson intervals behave well at small n and extreme accuracies, where the naive (Wald) interval breaks.

ConditionCorrect kTotal n Accuracy95% CI
Paper-ready output

Difference of two proportions (independent samples)

Newcombe’s score interval for p₁ − p₂, built from the Wilson bounds of two rows above. Use this for different samples or models. If both conditions were scored on the same problems, use McNemar below instead — it is strictly more powerful for paired data.

Paper-ready output

McNemar’s test (paired, same problems)

When two conditions are evaluated on the same problems, only the disagreements matter: b = correct in condition 1 but wrong in condition 2; c = the reverse. The gap is real iff b ≫ c. Uses the exact binomial test automatically when b + c < 25.

Paper-ready output

Chi-square uses χ² = (b−c)²/(b+c) with 1 df. The exact test is a two-sided binomial test of min(b,c) successes in b+c trials at p = ½.